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Perdón (Excuse me or Sorry): is used in situations very similar to lo siento, but mostly when you don't understand something or want clarification. For example, when you haven't heard something and want it repeated.
Examples:
- Perdona, no te he visto (Excuse me, I didn't see you)
- Perdone, ¿me puede repetir lo que ha dicho? (Excuse me, could you repeat what you said?)
- Perdón, ¿me deja pasar? (Excuse me, may I come in?)
- Te pido perdón (I beg your pardon)
Disculpa (Excuse me): it is related to the expression “pedir disculpas” (to apologize), it is used in many contexts or when small accidents happen. It is a word closely related to perdón, so you can interchange them, and the meaning will be the same.
You can use this word in formal contexts, disculpe, or more informal, disculpa.
Examples:
- Disculpe, ¿sabe cómo llegar al metro? (Excuse me, do you know how to get to the subway?)
- Discúlpame (Excuse me)
- Te pido disculpas, no era mi intención ofenderte (I apologize, I didn't mean to offend you)